Author Guidelines

Front Matter Download & Upload Instructions

Authors are required to download, complete, and upload the Front Matter document during the submission process by following these steps:

1. Download Front Matter: Access and download the Jurnal Belantara Front Matter template via this Google Docs link.
2. Complete the Document: Fill out all required fields in the downloaded Front Matter file before initiating a new submission.
3. Submission Process: Upload the completed Front Matter during the manuscript submission process.
4. Step 1 (Start): On the first submission page, complete all required submission checklists, then click "Save and Continue".
5. Step 2 (Upload Submission Files): Upload both your Manuscript and the completed Front Matter using the "Add File" button.
6. Assign File Components: For any uploaded files marked with an exclamation icon, select the appropriate component type from the dropdown menu (as indicated by the blue arrow in the figure).
7. Select Manuscript Component: For your primary manuscript file, select the "Article Text" option (underlined in green arrow in the figure).
8. Select Front Matter Component: For the Front Matter file, select "Other" (indicated by the yellow arrow in the figure). In the pop-up window, choose "Other" again and click "Save".
9. Proceed Submission: Once both files are successfully uploaded and categorized, click "Save and Continue" to proceed with the remaining submission steps.

Note: The manuscript must be prepared on standard A4-sized paper using Normal margins and arranged in a single-column layout. The manuscript title must be clear, informative, and restricted to a maximum of 12 words, avoiding non-standard abbreviations and technical jargon. Stylistically, render the title in BOLD, CENTERED Arial (12 pt) with single-line spacing. If the title includes plant or animal scientific names, follow scientific nomenclature rules strictly. Write it in Sentence case and italicize species names without removing the BOLD typeface.

Note: The entire manuscript must be prepared in English. Page numbers must be centered at the bottom of each page, adhering to the 'Bottom of Page – Plain Number 2' formatting standard.

_ABSTRACT

Written in English, italicized, containing the objectives, methods, and results of the study. Written no more than 250 words.

Illustrated text:

Mangrove ecosystems on small islands are critical coastal habitats highly vulnerable to environmental shifts. Gili Lawang, an island in East Lombok Regency, Indonesia, is designated as a tourism zone under regional spatial planning, making ecosystem resilience assessment essential. This study aimed to measure the adaptive capacity of the mangrove ecosystem in Gili Lawang, Sugian Village, Sambelia District. Field surveys were conducted from July to November 2020 across six sampling stations using 10 x 200 m transect plots, integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis. The overall adaptive capacity score (KAEM) was calculated on a 0.0-1.0 scale (ranging from very low to very high) based on six parameters: Mangrove Dimension Index (IDMg), dominant species, density, genus richness, substrate type, and distance from human activities. Results indicated a low IDMg (0.61), low dominance category led by Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, low genus diversity (4 genera: Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Avicennia, and Sonneratia), and a moderate distance from human activity (2.7 km). In contrast, the ecosystem exhibited a "very high" maximum density (1,290 trees) at Station 6) and a favorable muddy substrate. Aggregating these parameters yielded a final adaptive capacity score of 0.50 (0.4 ≤ KAEM ≤ 0.6), classifying the Gili Lawang mangrove ecosystem in the "moderate" category. These findings provide baseline insights for sustainable ecotourism management and targeted coastal conservation.

Keywords: Climate Change; Machine Learning; Montane Ecosystem

(Note: Keywords contain 3 – 5 words separated by semicolons ‘ ; ’ with single space)

_INTRODUCTION

Note: Contains background, the importance of research, gap between previous research, and research objectives

Formatting and Structural Specifications:

Note: Except for the primary TITLE, the entirety of the manuscript body is formatted using 11 pt Arial font. The text layout must be fully justified to align with the document margins, with no indentation, using single-line spacing and a 6 pt after-line spacing following each paragraph. Additionally, all subheadings and section headers are rendered in BOLD typeface to maintain distinct structural clarity.

Note: From a structural standpoint, paragraphs are required to contain a minimum of three complete sentences.

Illustrative text to follow:

Climate change and habitat degradation are among the primary drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide, influencing species distributions, ecosystem functions, and habitat availability (Cheng et al., 2025). Mountain ecosystems are particularly vulnerable because they harbor numerous endemic species that are strongly dependent on specific environmental conditions and elevation gradients (Novenda et al., 2026). Consequently, understanding how species respond to environmental change is essential for developing effective conservation strategies.

_METHOD

Note: Contains the time and location of the study, the materials and tools used, and the method described in detail in both the research design, treatment, experimental design, method, and data analysis.

Formatting and Structural Specifications:

Section One

Note: Section Headings adopt the primary body text format (Arial 11 pt), distinguished by BOLD typeface with type case “Capitalized Each Word” and 12 pt spacing before each heading.

Subsections

Note: Subsection Headings conform to the standard Section Headings formatting, modified to incorporate italic styling and a 0 pt spacing before the heading.

1. Sub-subsections one

Note: Sub-subsections inherit the bold formatting of subsections while modifying paragraph properties to a 0 pt spacing after and applying a 0.75 cm first-line indent. Additionally, sub-subsections must be indexed sequentially using lowercase alphabetical lettering (a, b, c, etc.), with the sequence restarting at the beginning of each new subsection.

1. Sub-subsections two

Equation Layout and Notation Specifications

Note: Equations adopt standard body text formatting supplemented by a 6 pt spacing before. The layout varies according to the quantity of equations within the manuscript: single equations must be centered, whereas multiple equations should be left-aligned and paired with a right tab stop utilizing a dot leader and sequential parenthetical numbering (e.g., (1), (2)).

Note: Accompanying equation descriptions must inherit the standard "Description" format, modified with a 0 pt spacing after and a 1.27 cm left tab setting to maintain precise vertical alignment across all parameter definitions.

_{RESULTS AND DISCUSSION}

Note: Results are delivered briefly and clearly. The data displayed has been analyzed and compiled according to the research objectives. The tables, graphs, and images displayed are also adjusted to answer and explain problems according to the research objectives. The discussion is deeply related to the purpose of the study, the hypothesis (if any), and also compares its relationship with the results of previous studies

In-Text Citation and Referencing Specifications:

Note: In-text citations within the body text must conform strictly to the APA Style citation system ß refer to this link. Narrative and parenthetical citations should be constructed based on the total number of authors, employing the et al. abbreviation for works with three or more authors.

Note: When multiple studies are cited concurrently within a single parenthetical group, each source must be separated by a semicolon and arranged in strict alphabetical order according to the first author's surname.

Illustrative Format and Text: (choose applicable formatting)

• Single Author: Narrative: Ichsan (2026) | Parenthetical: (Ichsan, 2026)
• Two Authors: Narrative: Ichsan and Febryano (2026) | Parenthetical: (Ichsan & Febryano, 2026)
• Three or More Authors: Narrative: Ichsan et al. (2026) | Parenthetical: (Ichsan et al., 2026)
• Multiple Source Combination: When citing multiple works within a single parenthetical citation, separate them with semicolons: (Akbar, 2026; Febryano & Chairil, 2024; Ichsan et al., 2023; Indra et al., 2024).

As has been extensively documented in the extant literature, notable disparities among machine-learning algorithms have been reported in the context of species distribution modelling studies. In this setting, algorithms such as MaxEnt, Random Forest, and Decision Tree have been observed to manifest distinct predictive behaviors (Luther, 2024). However, these algorithms have demonstrated a consistent ability to identify ecologically suitable habitats for mountain species (Ahmadi et al., 2023; Safdar et al., 2025). Furthermore, the suitability of a habitat in montane ecosystems is strongly influenced by the interplay of climatic, topographic, and edaphic variables. The integration of these predictors significantly enhances the reliability of habitat suitability projections under both current and future climate conditions (Smith & Levine, 2025). In general, the three models consistently identify montane ecosystems as the predominant habitat for A. javanica. This provides a solid foundation for assessing potential shifts in habitat under future climate change scenarios.

Table Layout and Content Specifications:

Note: Table titles must be left-aligned, italicized, and formatted using standard body text formatting (Arial font 11 pt) with type case “Capitalized Each Word” and 0 pt spacing after. Headers must be centered, bolded, and set with 0 pt spacing after. In accordance with scientific standards, tables should omit all vertical borders (left, right, and interior vertical gridlines) and fit within document margins, utilizing the "AutoFit to Window" option when required.

Figure Formatting and Caption Specifications

Note: Figures must be set to the "In Line with Text" layout option, centered horizontally, and configured with 0 pt paragraph spacing after. Image width should range between 12 cm and 15 cm while strictly locking the original aspect ratio, ensuring proper document layout without creating excessive blank space or separating the figure from its title.

Note: Figure Titles must adopt the base body text font, formatted in centered, italicized text with a 12 pt spacing after applied before starting the subsequent paragraph.

_{CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION}

Note: It contains the most important results of the study, which are correlated with the main objectives of the study, significant research results, and the implications of the research results presented in paragraph form.

_{ACKNOWLEDGMENT (OPTIONAL if any)}

Delivered to Institutions and individuals who have helped significantly the smoothness of research, funding, and script writing.

_REFERENCES

Note: All citations mentioned in the text must be included in the reference Chapter. The writing text must use the latest academic resources (70% of the sources used should come from journal articles published in the last 5 years). Meanwhile, 30% of references can come from other sources, such as thesis, Books, research reports, news, or other relevant publications. It is recommended to use the Mendeley application with the APA Style format).

Illustrative References:

Lee, J. H., Chang, M. H., Shin, M. S., Lee, E. S., Lee, J. S., & Seo, C. W. (2025). Ensemble Species Distribution Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on Endangered Amphibians and Reptiles in South Korea. Animals: An Open Access Journal from MDPI, 16(1), 95. doi.org/10.3390/ANI16010095

Li, J. (2024). Area under the ROC Curve has the Most Consistent Evaluation for Binary Classification. PLoS ONE, 19 (12 December). doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316019

References Criteria Formating:

Book

Tirtosudarmo, R. (2015). On the Politics of Migration: Indonesia and Beyond. Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Chapter from Book

Adhuri, D.A. (2009). Social identity and access to natural resources: Ethnicity and regionalism from a maritime perspective. Dalam M. Sakai, G. Banks, & J.H. Walker (Eds.), The Politics of the Periphery in Indonesia: Social and Geographical Perspectives (hlm. 134-152). Singapura: NUS Press.

Thung, J.L. (2017). Agama dan identitas orang Tionghoa di Indonesia. Dalam R. Madinier (Ed), Revolusi Tak Kunjung Selesai: Potret Indonesia Masa Kini (hlm. 347-365). Jakarta: KPG & LÍrasec.

Journal Article

Santoso, W.M. (2010). Identitas, politik tubuh perempuan dan media televisi. Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia, 5(1), 75-90.

Journal Article with DOI

Burhani, A.N. (2014). Treating minorities with fatwas: A study of the Ahmadiyya community in Indonesia. Contemporary Islam, 8(3), 285-301. doi: 10.1007/s11562-013-0278-3.

Humaedi, M.A. (2013). Budaya Hibrida Masyarakat Cirebon. Humaniora, 25 (3), 281-295. doi: 10.22146/jh.v25i3.3540.

Journal Article form Internet

Hadi, A. & Tirtosudarmo, R. (2016). Migration, Ethnicity and Local Politics: The Case of Jakarta, Indonesia. Populasi, 24(2), 23-36. Diunduh dari https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/populasi/article/view/27228/16730.

News Article

Haris, S. (2017, 10 Mei). Merombak kabinet. Kompas, hlm. 6.

Newspaper article on website

Mulya, T. W. (2016, 18 Agustus). Defining Indonesian-ness: Power, nationalism and identity politics. The Jakarta Post. Diunduh dari http://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/08/18/defining-indonesian-ness-power-nationalism-and-identity-politics.html

Website

Akmaliah, W. (2018, 6 Januari). Menyelami kompleksitas hubungan orang tua dan kids zaman now. 22 Januari 2018, diunduh dari https://geotimes.co.id/kolom/film/ menyelami-kompleksitas- hubungan-orangtua-dan-kids-zaman-now/.

Document from website

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2017). Jakarta dalam Angka 2016. Diunduh dari https://jakarta.bps.go.id/backend/pdf_publikasi/Jakarta-Dalam-Angka-2016.pdf.

Translated Book

Lewis, O. (1988). Kisah Lima Keluarga: Telaah-telaah Kasus Orang Meksiko dalam Kebudayaan Kemiskinan. (Rochmulyati Hamzah, Terjemahan). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

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